DC Offset Calibration Circuit

ABSTRACT

A DC offset calibration circuit for calibrating DC offset with multi-level method includes analog DC offset cancellation unit and digital DC offset cancellation unit, wherein analog DC offset cancellation unit includes first amplifier and integrator, first amplifier receives analog signal with DC offset, and transmits to integrator, and integrator transmits first feedback signal to first amplifier to output amplified signal with fixed DC offset, and digital DC offset cancellation unit includes comparator, digital circuit, digital-to-analog converter and second amplifier, where second amplifier receives amplified signal with fixed DC offset and transmits to comparator for determining DC offset value and transmitting to digital circuit, digital circuit generates logical result according to DC offset value and transmits to digital-to-analog converter, and therefore digital-to-analog converter accordingly generates second feedback signal to second amplifier, to calibrate DC offset value on second amplifier.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a calibration circuit, and moreparticularly, to a DC offset calibration circuit with analog and digitalcalibration methods.

2. Description of the Prior Art

The conventional wireless communication systems primarily adopt directconversion transceiver structures, which usually accompanies with DCoffset issues. DC offset is mainly caused by mixing oscillation signalduring mixing process, which leads the signal of back-end circuits to bedistorted or the amplifier (filter/amplifier) to be saturated andfurther degrades overall performance of the wireless communicationsystem.

Currently, digital methods are utilized to eliminate the DC offset ofthe filter or amplifier. For example, a digital DC offset cancellationmethod includes steps of determining the DC offset by a comparator stageby stage, generating a determination result by digital circuits, andadjusting the DC offset of the amplifier. The digital DC offsetcancellation method has the advantage of fast processing speed, whilehas the disadvantage that when temperature or input signal varies, theoutputted DC offset correspondingly changes. Therefore, the DC offset ofthe amplifier has to be constantly adjusted according to the changes ofreceived signal. Therefore, the conventional digital DC offsetcancellation method has to be improved.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention discloses a DC offset calibration circuit, forcalibrating DC offset with multi-level method, comprising an analog DCoffset cancellation unit, comprising an analog integrator and a firstamplifier, wherein the first amplifier is utilized for receiving ananalog signal with a DC offset, and the analog integrator is utilizedfor receiving an output signal of the first amplifier and outputting afirst feedback signal to the first amplifier, whereby the firstamplifier outputs an amplified signal with fixed DC offset; and digitalDC offset cancellation unit, coupled to the analog DC offsetcancellation unit, for receiving the amplified signal with fixed DCoffset from the analog DC offset cancellation unit, and comprising acomparator, a digital circuit, a digital-to-analog converter and asecond amplifier, wherein the second amplifier is utilized for receivingthe amplified signal with fixed DC offset, the comparator receives anoutput signal of the second amplifier for determining a DC offset valueof the output signal and transmitting the DC offset value of the outputsignal to the digital circuit, the digital circuit is utilized forgenerating a logical result according to the DC offset and transmittingthe logical result to the digital-to-analog converter, and thedigital-to-analog converter is utilized for outputting a correspondingsecond feedback signal to the second amplifier according to the logicalresult, to calibrate the DC offset of the second amplifier.

The present invention further discloses a wireless signal transceiver,comprising a signal processing unit, comprising a mixer, for mixing areceived high frequency signal with local oscillation frequency andtransforming the high frequency signal to an intermediate frequencysignal; and a DC offset calibration circuit, for calibrating DC offsetof the intermediate frequency signal with multi-level method, comprisingan analog DC offset cancellation unit, comprising an analog integratorand a first amplifier, wherein the first amplifier is utilized forreceiving an analog signal with a DC offset, and the analog integratoris utilized for receiving an output signal of the first amplifier andoutputting a first feedback signal to the first amplifier, whereby thefirst amplifier outputs an amplified signal with fixed DC offset; and adigital DC offset cancellation unit, coupled to the analog DC offsetcancellation unit, for receiving the amplified signal with fixed DCoffset from the analog DC offset cancellation unit, and comprising acomparator, a digital circuit, a digital-to-analog converter and asecond amplifier, wherein the second amplifier is utilized for receivingthe amplified signal with fixed DC offset, the comparator receives anoutput signal of the second amplifier, for determining a DC offset valueof the output signal and outputting the DC offset value of the outputsignal to the digital circuit, the digital circuit is utilized forgenerating a logical result according to the DC offset and outputtingthe logical result to the digital-to-analog converter, and thedigital-to-analog converter is utilized for outputting a correspondingsecond feedback signal to the second amplifier according to the logicalresult, for calibrating the DC offset of the second amplifier.

These and other objectives of the present invention will no doubt becomeobvious to those of ordinary skill in the art after reading thefollowing detailed description of the preferred embodiment that isillustrated in the various figures and drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a transceiver of a wirelesscommunication device according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a DC offset calibration circuitaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Please refer to FIG. 1, which is a schematic diagram of a transceiver ofa wireless communication device according to an embodiment of thepresent invention. The DC offset calibration circuit provided by thepresent invention may be applied to a transceiver, for calibrating theDC offset caused by the circuits of the transceiver, such that thetransceiver outputs real signal. As shown in FIG. 1, the transceiver 100includes a signal processing unit 10, a DC offset calibration circuit20, which includes an analog DC offset cancellation unit 20A and adigital DC offset cancellation unit 20B, and a signal outputting unit30. It is noted that the DC offset calibration circuit 20 of the presentinvention calibrates the DC offset caused by the circuits of thetransceiver 100 through multi-level manner. In brief, the analog DCoffset cancellation unit 20A of the DC offset calibration circuit 20provides an analog signal with fixed DC offset to the digital DC offsetcancellation unit 20B. Because of the DC offset signal received by thedigital DC offset cancellation unit 20B is fixed, the digital DC offsetcancellation unit 20B only has to calibrate the DC offset once, tooutput actual signal to back-end circuits (not shown in the figure)without constant calibration due to different DC offsets of receivedsignals (e.g. signal varied by temperature).

More specifically, please refer to FIG. 2, which is a schematic diagramof a DC offset calibration circuit 20 according to an embodiment of thepresent invention. A high frequency signal RF and a local oscillatorfrequency LO is mixed by a mixer 102, and the high frequency signal RFis transformed into an intermediate frequency signal IF (the process maybe performed by the signal processing unit 10 of FIG. 1) with DC offset.The DC offset is amplified by the amplifier due to signal amplificationprocess, which leads to amplifier saturation or filter distortion.Therefore, the present invention provides the analog DC offsetcancellation unit 20A to perform the first level DC offset calibrationon the intermediate frequency signal IF. The analog DC offsetcancellation unit 20A comprises a transconductance amplifier 202 and ananalog integrator 204. In order to eliminate the DC offset of signaloutput of the transconductance amplifier 202, the analog integrator 204is disposed between the output end and the input end of thetransconductance amplifier 202. The input end of the analog integrator204 is connected to the output end of the transconductance amplifier202, for receiving signal output of the transconductance amplifier 202and extracting the DC offset of the signal output. The DC offset istransmitted to the input end of the transconductance amplifier 202 anddeducted with the intermediate frequency signal IF so as to obtain theamplified signal IN with fixed DC offset. In brief, after theintermediate frequency signal IF with DC offset is inputted to thetransconductance amplifier 202, the analog integrator 204 outputs afeedback signal FB to the input end of the transconductance amplifier202 according to the signal output of the transconductance amplifier202, to eliminate the DC offset of the output signal generated by thetransconductance amplifier 202.

As shown in FIG. 2, the amplified signal IN is then inputted to thedigital DC offset cancellation unit 20B. The present invention providesthe digital DC offset cancellation unit 20B to perform the second levelof DC offset calibration. The digital DC offset cancellation unit 20Bcomprises a comparator 206, a digital circuit 208, a static currentgenerator 210 and a filter/amplifier 200. The comparator 206 is utilizedfor comparing signal output of the filter/amplifier 200 with a referencelevel to output a comparison result. The digital circuit 208 performs abinary search operation according to the comparison result generated bythe comparator 206, and sequentially sets bits from most significant bit(MSB) to least significant bit (LSB), e.g. sets bit values to 0 or 1.Then, the static current generator 210 adjusts the output current valueaccording to the bit values set by the digital circuit 208, so as toeliminate the DC offset generated by the filter/amplifier 200. Notethat, the digital circuit may be realized by a linear search operationor the binary search operation, which is well known in the art and thusis omitted herein.

As abovementioned, the main concept of the present invention is tocollect the DC offset information of the transconductance amplifier 202with the analog integrator 204, wherein the signal output of thetransconductance amplifier 202 is feedback to the transconductanceamplifier 202for comparing with the signal output of the mixer 102, soas to eliminate the DC offset accumulated by the transconductanceamplifier 202 (namely the first level DC offset calibration). With suchmanner, the DC offset on receiving end of the filter/amplifier 200 is afixed value, which does not change with signal variations (e.g. signalvariations effected by temperature) of front-end circuits and,equivalently, the DC offset of front-end circuits is locked. Then, theDC offset of the filter/amplifier 200 is eliminated by the comparator206, the digital circuit 208 and the static current generator 210(namely the second level DC offset calibration).

In summary, the present invention provides a method to calibrate the DCoffset with a combination of analog and digital circuits. The DC offsetcalibration circuit of the present invention may preserve thecharacteristics of high calibration speed of digital methods and highstability of the analog methods. Therefore, the DC offset calibrationcircuit of the present invention does not constantly perform calibrationfor the entire system while transceiving signals, in which the gain ofthe high frequency signal constantly changes and results in the DCoffset of the output end of the amplifier to be unstable.

Those skilled in the art will readily observe that numerousmodifications and alterations of the device and method may be made whileretaining the teachings of the invention. Accordingly, the abovedisclosure should be construed as limited only by the metes and boundsof the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A DC offset calibration circuit, for calibratingDC offset with multi-level method, comprising: an analog DC offsetcancellation unit, comprising an analog integrator and a firstamplifier, wherein the first amplifier is utilized for receiving ananalog signal with a DC offset, and the analog integrator is utilizedfor receiving an output signal of the first amplifier and outputting afirst feedback signal to the first amplifier, whereby the firstamplifier outputs an amplified signal with fixed DC offset; and adigital DC offset cancellation unit, coupled to the analog DC offsetcancellation unit, for receiving the amplified signal with fixed DCoffset from the analog DC offset cancellation unit, and comprising acomparator, a digital circuit, a digital-to-analog converter and asecond amplifier, wherein the second amplifier is utilized for receivingthe amplified signal with fixed DC offset, the comparator receives anoutput signal of the second amplifier for determining a DC offset valueof the output signal and transmitting the DC offset value of the outputsignal to the digital circuit, the digital circuit is utilized forgenerating a logical result according to the DC offset and transmittingthe logical result to the digital-to-analog converter, and thedigital-to-analog converter is utilized for outputting a correspondingsecond feedback signal to the second amplifier according to the logicalresult, to calibrate the DC offset of the second amplifier.
 2. The DCoffset calibration circuit of claim 1, wherein the first amplifier is atransconductance amplifier.
 3. The DC offset calibration circuit ofclaim 1, wherein the digital-to-analog converter is a static currentgenerator.
 4. The DC offset calibration circuit of claim 1, wherein theanalog signal is an intermediate frequency signal after mixing a highfrequency signal.
 5. A wireless signal transceiver, comprising: a signalprocessing unit, comprising a mixer, for mixing a received highfrequency signal with local oscillation frequency and transforming thehigh frequency signal to an intermediate frequency signal; and a DCoffset calibration circuit, for calibrating DC offset of theintermediate frequency signal with multi-level method, comprising: ananalog DC offset cancellation unit, comprising an analog integrator anda first amplifier, wherein the first amplifier is utilized for receivingan analog signal with a DC offset, and the analog integrator is utilizedfor receiving an output signal of the first amplifier and outputting afirst feedback signal to the first amplifier, whereby the firstamplifier outputs an amplified signal with fixed DC offset; and adigital DC offset cancellation unit, coupled to the analog DC offsetcancellation unit, for receiving the amplified signal with fixed DCoffset from the analog DC offset cancellation unit, and comprising acomparator, a digital circuit, a digital-to-analog converter and asecond amplifier, wherein the second amplifier is utilized for receivingthe amplified signal with fixed DC offset, the comparator receives anoutput signal of the second amplifier, for determining a DC offset valueof the output signal and outputting the DC offset value of the outputsignal to the digital circuit, the digital circuit is utilized forgenerating a logical result according to the DC offset and outputtingthe logical result to the digital-to-analog converter, and thedigital-to-analog converter is utilized for outputting a correspondingsecond feedback signal to the second amplifier according to the logicalresult, for calibrating the DC offset of the second amplifier.
 6. Thewireless signal transceiver of claim 5, wherein the first amplifier is atransconductance amplifier.
 7. The wireless signal transceiver of claim5, wherein the digital-to-analog converter is a static currentgenerator.